5G就是(shi)第五代通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)技(ji)術，主(zhu)要特點是(shi)波(bo)長為毫米(mi)級(ji)，超(chao)寬帶，超(chao)高(gao)速度，超(chao)低延時。1G實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)模擬語音(yin)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)，大哥大沒有屏(ping)(ping)幕只能打電話；2G實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)語音(yin)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)數(shu)字化(hua)，功(gong)能機(ji)(ji)有了(le)(le)小屏(ping)(ping)幕可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)發(fa)短(duan)信(xin)(xin)了(le)(le)；3G實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)語音(yin)以(yi)(yi)外圖(tu)片等的(de)多媒體(ti)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)，屏(ping)(ping)幕變(bian)大可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)看圖(tu)片了(le)(le)；4G實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)局域高(gao)速上網，大屏(ping)(ping)智能機(ji)(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)看短(duan)視(shi)頻了(le)(le)，但在城(cheng)市(shi)信(xin)(xin)號好(hao)，農村信(xin)(xin)號差(cha)(cha)。1G~4G都是(shi)著眼于人(ren)與人(ren)之間更方便快(kuai)捷的(de)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)，而(er)5G將實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)隨時、隨地、萬物互(hu)聯，讓人(ren)類(lei)敢于期(qi)待與地球(qiu)上的(de)萬物通(tong)(tong)過直播的(de)方式無(wu)時差(cha)(cha)同步參與其中。

    5G時代的(de)到(dao)來(lai)，Massive MIMO技術被引入，直(zhi)接導(dao)致5G基站天線發展(zhan)的(de)三(san)個趨勢(shi)：

    1) 無源天線向有源天線發展；
    2) 光纖替代饋線；
    3) RRH（射頻(pin)拉遠頭）和天(tian)線(xian)部分集成。

    隨著通(tong)信網絡向5G的不斷(duan)演進，陳列天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（多天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)空分復(fu)用）、多波束(shu)天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（網絡致密化）和多頻段天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（頻譜擴展）將成(cheng)為未來基(ji)站(zhan)天(tian)(tian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發展的主要(yao)類型。

    隨著(zhu)5G網絡的(de)(de)(de)到來，各大運(yun)營商對于移(yi)動(dong)網絡的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求在不斷(duan)地改(gai)變(bian)，為了實現全網覆蓋，越來越多種類的(de)(de)(de)基站電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)(diao)天線被廣(guang)泛(fan)地應用于移(yi)動(dong)通信領域。針對四頻(pin)天線，為了實現對其電(dian)(dian)(dian)子下(xia)傾(qing)角的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制，目前主要(yao)有三(san)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)制裝置，包括(kuo)兩個內置雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)制器的(de)(de)(de)組合、帶傳動(dong)切(qie)換機(ji)構的(de)(de)(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)制器、四個內置電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)制器。可以看出，無論使用哪一(yi)種裝置，都離(li)不開天線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)應用。

    基站電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)天線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)主要(yao)結構是(shi)由傳(chuan)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、減(jian)速(su)(su)齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)組(zu)裝而(er)成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)減(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)一(yi)體(ti)機(ji)，具(ju)備減(jian)速(su)(su)調(diao)節功(gong)能；傳(chuan)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)提(ti)供輸出速(su)(su)、低(di)力矩轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)，齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)連(lian)接傳(chuan)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，將(jiang)傳(chuan)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸出的速(su)(su)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)降低(di)，同時提(ti)升力矩，達到(dao)理(li)想傳(chuan)動(dong)效果(guo)；基站電(dian)(dian)(dian)調(diao)天線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)通常采(cai)用定制電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)技(ji)術參數(shu)、功(gong)率(lv)、性能，更好的滿足環(huan)境、氣候、溫(wen)差等環(huan)境因素，達到(dao)理(li)想傳(chuan)動(dong)效果(guo)和使(shi)用壽命要(yao)求。